You will probably find that you need to open more ports, depending on your network services. Hopefully it's obvious from the instructions below how to do that. As always, use what you find below as a starting point and expand and correct it as you fool around with it.
While it's easier to use a gui like gufw or firestarter (see previous post), it's easier to get an absolute overview of your firewall configuration if you define each rule using iptables. It's also not that difficult and with a bit of trial and error you can work it out.
The usual caveats apply -- a good 2/3 of my posts are written as I'm teaching myself, while the remainder describe easy, useful, but not always obvious, things and programmes which makes life easier. This lands in the former category.
--- START HERE ---
My network:
One computer has two cards. eth0 is connected to the outside world, eth1 is connected to a switch making up a LAN. Each client is connected to the switch and has static IP (set in /etc/network/interfaces)
The clients are the easiest, so we'll start with them
Client:
create /etc/firewall-rules.sh (e.g. sudo vim /etc/firewall-rules.sh) and put the following in it:
sudo iptables -F #FLUSH
#INPUT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #network access
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT #127.0.0.1
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #ssh
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport www -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #web server
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport nfs -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport nfs -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport sunrpc -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport sunrpc -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #ping
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 60003 -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #sinfo/d
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 15/minute -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix " Dropped by firewall "
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP #drop all else
#OUTPUT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT #127.0.0.1
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT #all outgoing ok
#FORWARD
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
#Default behaviour
sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP
Next, change ownership and permission
sudo chown root firewall-rules.sh
sudo chmod 700 firewall-rules.shFinally, edit /etc/network/interfaces and put
post-up sh /etc/firewall-rules.sh
as the last line. If you use post-up routing rules as well you can put those before or after.
Done!
The Gateway:
We need to allow the local network access to the services of the gateway, such as apt-cache. We also need to pass through traffic to the outside world.
Here's the gateway's /etc/firewall-rules.sh:
sudo iptables -F #FLUSH
# T1 -> eth0 --> inet, eth1 --> LAN (192.168.0/24)
#table nat
sudo iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t nat -P INPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t nat -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
#table mangle
sudo iptables -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t mangle -P INPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t mangle -P FORWARD ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t mangle -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t mangle -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT
#main table
sudo iptables -N OUTBOUND
sudo iptables -N INBOUND
#INPUT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #allows network access
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT #127.0.0.1
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --dport ssh -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #ssh
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --dport www -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #web server
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --dport nfs -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --dport nfs -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --dport sunrpc -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --dport sunrpc -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #needed for nfs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #ping
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --dport 60003 -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #sinfo/d
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 3142 -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24 #apt-cache
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -d 192.168.1.1 -j INBOUND #needed for gw -> clients
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j REJECT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 15/minute -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix " Dropped by firewall "
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP #drop all else
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP #drop all else
#OUTPUT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT #localhost 127.0.0.1
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j ACCEPT #eth0: all outgoing ok
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth1 -j ACCEPT #eth1: all outgoing ok
#FORWARD
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -p icmp -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT #forward everything from local LAN
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT #forward everything from local LAN
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j OUTBOUND #need both for pass-through
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -j OUTBOUND #need both for pass-through
#INBOUND
sudo iptables -A INBOUND -j ACCEPT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
sudo iptables -A INBOUND -s beryllium -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INBOUND -j ACCEPT -s 192.168.1.0/24
#OUTBOUND
sudo iptables -A OUTBOUND -j ACCEPT
#Default behaviour
sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP
Keep on checking what goes into /var/log/firewall.log to see whether you should open more ports or use a more generous (or strict) firewall policy.
Edit: the following was the old way of doing it. The downside is that
1. it gets loaded very late in the boot sequence
2. it doesn't reload on sudo service networking restart
2. it doesn't reload on sudo service networking restart
I've migrated away from network-manager, but it might require the method below. Use if the first method doesn't load the firewall rules.
edit /etc/rc.local and put
sh /etc/firewall-rules.sh
as the second-to-last line to make the rules be added on each boot.
Remember the sudo iptables -m limit --limit 15/minute -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix " Dropped by firewall " line? It doesn't actually do anything yet.
Edit /etc/rsyslog.conf and put
kern.=debug /var/log/firewall.loganywhere. Restart the service:
sudo service rsyslog restart
There's now a firewall.log in your /var/log dir.
There is one caveat:
IMPORTANT: for some reason receiving large files via sftp in filezilla FROM a client to the gateway gives
Error: Incorrect MAC received on packetor
Error: File transfer failed after transferring 32,768 bytes in 1 second
Error: Server sent disconnect message
Error: type 2 (protocol error):Error: "Packet corrupt"Error: File transfer failed
i.e. on a client I can easily receive files from the gateway. On the gateway I can easily put a file on a client. The opposite directions don't work, whether I do it on the client or on the gateway. It seems like there should be an obvious iptables fix. My network cards are rtl-8169 gigabit pci cards and/or intel e1000 pro
NFS works fine for filetransfer (see this post) but I'm working on figuring out the incorrect MAC problem.
I've already tried with
sudo iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu
Also, even a firewall consisting of nothing but (apart from flush):
sudo iptables -P INPUT ACCEPTsudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPTsudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
doesn't solve it
Links to this post:
http://www.debian-srbija.iz.rs/p/kako-da.html
